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    每天一个linux命令(52)-ping

    author iconClaycalendar icon2018年7月27日category icon
    • Linux
    tag icon
    • linux常用命令
    timer icon大约 5 分钟

    此页内容
    • 语法
    • 选项
    • 参数
    • 功能
    • 常用实例

    Linux系统的ping命令是常用的网络命令,它通常用来测试与目标主机的连通性,我们经常会说“ping一下某机器,看是不是开着”、不能打开网页时会说“你先ping网关地址192.168.1.1试试”。它通过发送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST数据包到网络主机(send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts),并显示响应情况,这样我们就可以根据它输出的信息来确定目标主机是否可访问(但这不是绝对的)。有些服务器为了防止通过ping探测到,通过防火墙设置了禁止ping或者在内核参数中禁止ping,这样就不能通过ping确定该主机是否还处于开启状态。

    linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有区别,linux下ping不会自动终止,需要按ctrl+c终止或者用参数-c指定要求完成的回应次数。

    # 语法

    ping(选项)(参数)

    # 选项

    -d:使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能;
    -c<完成次数>:设置完成要求回应的次数;
    -f:极限检测;
    -i<间隔秒数>:指定收发信息的间隔时间;
    -I<网络界面>:使用指定的网络界面送出数据包;
    -l<前置载入>:设置在送出要求信息之前,先行发出的数据包;
    -n:只输出数值;
    -p<范本样式>:设置填满数据包的范本样式;
    -q:不显示指令执行过程,开头和结尾的相关信息除外;
    -r:忽略普通的Routing Table,直接将数据包送到远端主机上;
    -R:记录路由过程;
    -s<数据包大小>:设置数据包的大小;
    -t<存活数值>:设置存活数值TTL的大小;
    -v:详细显示指令的执行过程。
    
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    # 参数

    目的主机:指定发送ICMP报文的目的主机。

    # 功能

    ping命令用于:确定网络和各外部主机的状态;跟踪和隔离硬件和软件问题;测试、评估和管理网络。如果主机正在运行并连在网上,它就对回送信号进行响应。每个回送信号请求包含一个网际协议(IP)和 ICMP 头,后面紧跟一个 tim 结构,以及来填写这个信息包的足够的字节。缺省情况是连续发送回送信号请求直到接收到中断信号(Ctrl-C)。

    ping 命令每秒发送一个数据报并且为每个接收到的响应打印一行输出。ping 命令计算信号往返时间和(信息)包丢失情况的统计信息,并且在完成之后显示一个简要总结。ping 命令在程序超时或当接收到 SIGINT 信号时结束。Host 参数或者是一个有效的主机名或者是因特网地址。

    # 常用实例

    1)ping的通的情况

    # ping 192.168.120.205
    PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms
    --- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---
    5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms
    
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    2)ping不同的情况

    # ping 192.168.120.202
    PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
    From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
    From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
    -- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---
    8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms
    , pipe 4
    
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    3)ping指定次数

    # ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
    PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms
    
    --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
    10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms
    
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    4)时间间隔和次数限制的ping

    # ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
    PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
    
    --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
    10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms
    
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    5)多参数使用

    # ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206
    PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms
    1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms
    
    --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
    15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms
    
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    说明:

    -i 3 发送周期为 3秒 -s 设置发送包的大小为1024 -t 设置TTL值为 255

    参考链接:

    http://man.linuxde.net/ping

    http://www.cnblogs.com/peida/archive/2013/03/06/2945407.html

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    上次编辑于: 2022/4/27 15:33:00
    贡献者: clay-wangzhi
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