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etcd 备份恢复

author iconClaycalendar icon2023年4月19日category icon
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timer icon大约 2 分钟

etcd 备份恢复

etcd 备份

  1. 创建备份脚本/opt/etcd_backup.sh

    #!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# Etcd backup
 
set -e
 
ETCD_CA_CERT="/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt"
ETCD_CERT="/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt"
ETCD_KEY="/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key"
BACKUP_DIR="/var/lib/docker/etcd_backup"
DT=$(date +%Y%m%d.%H%M%S)
 
[[ ! -d ${BACKUP_DIR} ]] && mkdir -p ${BACKUP_DIR}
find ${BACKUP_DIR} -name "*.db" -mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \;
 
ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
  --cacert="${ETCD_CA_CERT}" --cert="${ETCD_CERT}" --key="${ETCD_KEY}" \
  snapshot save "${BACKUP_DIR}/etcd-snapshot-${DT}.db"
 
echo "Etcd backup success, backup file: ${BACKUP_DIR}/etcd-snapshot-${DT}.db, \
  file size: $(du -sh ${BACKUP_DIR}/etcd-snapshot-${DT}.db |awk '{print $1}')"
echo

  2. 添加cron定时任务 crontab -e

    0 */1 * * * /bin/bash /opt/etcd_backup.sh >>/opt/log-backup-etcd.log 2>&1

etcd 恢复

  1. 创建备份目录

    mkdir -p /opt/k8s_manifests_backup

  2. 停止所有 Master 上 kube-apiserver 服务

    mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml /opt/k8s_manifests_backup/
# 检查服务是否已停止
kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep kube-apiserver

  3. 停止集群中所有 etcd 服务

    # 记录 etcd --name、--initial-advertise-peer-urls、--data-dir 值
ps -ef | grep etcd
# 停止服务
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml /opt/k8s_manifests_backup/
# 检查服务是否已停止
docker ps | grep etcd

  4. 移除所有 etcd 存储目录下数据，不同环境下，存储目录可能不一样，线上存储目录为 /data/etcd

    mv /data/etcd{,.bak}

  5. 拷贝要恢复的快照到所有 etcd 节点，进行快照恢复 所有 etcd 节点操作，不同节点，传入不同的 --name、--initial-advertise-peer-urls、--data-dir值

    ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl snapshot restore /tmp/xxx.db \
  --name st-kubernetes-master-2 \
  --initial-cluster "st-kubernetes-master-3=https://10.100.142.165:2380,st-kubernetes-master-1=https://10.100.142.163:2380,st-kubernetes-master-2=https://10.100.142.164:2380" \
  --initial-cluster-token k8s_etcd \
  --initial-advertise-peer-urls https://10.100.142.164:2380 \
  --data-dir=/data/etcd

  6. 启动集群中所有 etcd

    mv /opt/k8s_manifests_backup/etcd.yaml /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
# 检查集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl  --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
  --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt \
  --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key \
  --endpoints=https://10.100.142.163:2379,https://10.100.142.164:2379,https://10.100.142.165:2379 \
  endpoint health

  7. 启动所有 Master 上 kube-apiserver 服务

    mv /opt/k8s_manifests_backup/kube-apiserver.yaml /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
# 检查服务状态
kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep kube-apiserver

  8. 检查是否如期恢复

总结

Kubernetes 集群备份主要是备份etcd集群。而恢复时，主要考虑恢复整个顺序：

停止Kube-apiserver–> 停止etcd–> 恢复数据–>启动etcd–>启动kube-apiserver

注意：备份etcd集群时，只需要备份一个etcd就行，恢复时，拿同一份备份数据恢复。

参考：